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(1814-1877), historian, studied at Harvard and Göttingen, and was secretary of the U.S. legation at St. Petersburg in 1841. In 1856, he published "The Rise of the Dutch Republic," which was immediately recognized as a brilliant and scholarly production. During the Civil War he zealously upheld the national cause in Europe. From 1861 to 1868, he produced "The History of the United Netherlands." He was Minister to Austria from 1861 to 1867, and to England from 1869 to 1870. In 1874 he published the "Life of John of Barneveld." He wrote an address entitled "Historic Progress and American Democracy." Life by Dr. O.W. Holmes.