FAMILIAL TONIC CLONIC EPILEPSIES
\famˈɪlɪəl tˈɒnɪk klˈɒnɪk ˈɛpɪlˌɛpsɪz], \famˈɪlɪəl tˈɒnɪk klˈɒnɪk ˈɛpɪlˌɛpsɪz], \f_a_m_ˈɪ_l_ɪ__ə_l t_ˈɒ_n_ɪ_k k_l_ˈɒ_n_ɪ_k ˈɛ_p_ɪ_l_ˌɛ_p_s_ɪ_z]\
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A generalized seizure disorder characterized by recurrent major motor seizures. The initial brief tonic phase is marked by trunk flexion followed by diffuse extension of the trunk and extremities. The clonic phase features rhythmic flexor contractions of the trunk and limbs, pupillary dilation, elevations of blood pressure and pulse, urinary incontinence, and tongue biting. This is followed by a profound state of depressed consciousness (post-ictal state) which gradually improves over minutes to hours. The disorder may be cryptogenic, familial, or symptomatic (caused by an identified disease process). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p329)
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